 Yerevan - Often referred to as the 'Pink City' thanks to the color of the volcanic stone used to construct the central Kentron district, Yerevan is already the 14th administrative capital in Armenia's history (named the nation's capital in 1918). A testament to Armenia's ancient heritage, Yerevan itself has been continuously inhabited since 782 BC, when King Argishti I founded the Fortress of Erebuni within the boundaries of the present-day city. And while its still possible to visit the ancient fortress, most landmarks are modern 21st century buildings and 20th century Soviet-era structures, with a few older remnants going as far back as the 17th century. A few of Yerevan's most popular attractions are listed below...- Yerevan Cascade - photo - A large staircase that gracefully connects the central Kentron district with a sculpture park below, the Cascade is a unique territory of contemporary art that serves as the city's favorite public leisure spot. Featuring multiple levels adorned with fountains and modernist sculptures, the top offers unobstructed views of central Yerevan and Mount Ararat, while the base is home to a garden courtyard with sculptures by international artists. Inside the Cascade (underneath the exterior steps), there are escalators that ascend and descend the length of the complex, with stops at each landing where there are inside exhibitions (part of the Cafesjian Museum of Art - see below). For those who just want to sit and enjoy the surroundings, there's a variety of terraced cafes and restaurants around the park's perimeter. Or, one can simply find a park bench or stair and watch people as they leisurely stroll by. And if you're lucky, you'll be able to catch a free outdoor jazz or classical music concert (from spring until early autumn).
- Cafesjian Museum of Art - photo - Officially called the Cafesjian Center for the Arts, Yerevan's modern art museum is essentially a fusion of contemporary art, public park, and pedestrian corridor - all in one. Interwoven into the Yerevan Cascade, a wide variety of exhibitions are found – inside and out – at different landings of the stairway, as well as at the sculpture park at the stairway's base. Inspired by the vision of its founder – Armenian American businessman and philanthropist Gerard L. Cafesjian (1925-2013) - the multi-level contemporary art center's two external garden galleries and five exhibition halls are accessed via an internal escalator. The garden galleries - featuring recessed fountains, modern khachkars (stone steles featuring carved crosses) and contemporary sculptures - can be visited free of charge, as can the internal exhibits (except for one temporary exhibition which charges a modest fee). At the base of the Cascade, a sculpture garden features works from famous international artists such as Fernando Botero (Colombian), Lynn Chadwick (British), Barry Flanagan (Welsh), Paul Cox (British), Jaume Plensa (Catalan) and others. Either side of the sculpture park is lined with cafes, bars and restaurants for those who want to enjoy a pleasant afternoon or evening enjoying the ambiance of the area (and occasional open-air concert). Or, for a no-cost alternative, just find a park bench or one of the steps on the stairway and enjoy the pleasant aura of the surroundings. official website
- Matenadaran - photo - Officially named the Mesrop Mashtots Institute of Ancient Manuscripts, the Matenadaran (which literally means 'repository of manuscripts'), is a museum and research institute in the heart of Yerevan. Named in honor of the creator of the Armenian language - Mesrop Mashtots (362 to 440 AD) - a statue of the linguist stands at the base of the building, while six historic Armenian scholars stand by the entrance. Home to more than 23,000 manuscripts, documents and maps, the museum's primary focus is on preserving and researching Armenian literature, although other documents related to Armenia's history are also housed in the Matenadaran. These include manuscripts in Persian, Syriac, Arabic, Greek, Georgian, Russian, Hebrew, Hindi, Tamil, Latin, Ethiopian (Amharic), and other languages. The manuscripts presented within the public exhibits (just a small percentage of the total repository), are well-displayed and offer a fascinating glimpse into Armenia's past. For more information about the museum's manuscripts, research and upcoming exhibitions, visit the official Matenadaran website.
- Republic Square - photo - Known locally as Hraparak ('the square'), Yerevan's central square covers an area of 3 hectares (7.4 acres). It consists of an oval roundabout and a trapezoid-shaped section which contains musical fountains (the Singing Fountains). Every night for two hours (except for Mondays when the fountains are shut down for maintenance), locals and visitors gather for a beautiful water / music / light show in the square. The square is surrounded by five large Neoclassical style buildings: Government House #1 (home to the government of Armenia), Government House #2 (the old Ministry of Foreign Affairs), the Museums Building (History Museum of Armenia, and National Gallery of Armenia), the Armenia Marriott Hotel , and the Trade Unions and Communications Building.
- History Museum of Armenia - photo - Located on Republic Square, the History Museum of Armenia is home to an extensive collection of priceless artifacts dating from paleolithic settlements (stone age) to modern day, post-Soviet Armenia. The museum has both permanent and temporary exhibitions split into the following departments...
- Archaeology Department: artifacts collected from the Armenian Highlands that date from the stone age to the 15th Century AD.
- Numismatics Department: gold, silver and copper coins from ancient Armenian kingdoms, as well as those of neighboring and conquering realms who's coins once circulated in Armenia. These include coins from Miletian, Greek-Macedonian, Seleucid, Parthian, Roman, Sasanid, Byzantine, Arabic, and Seljuk empires.
- Ethnography Department: artifacts from the 17th to 20th century including decorative-applied art, tools, instruments and weapons from regions throughout Armenia.
- Documents Department: materials of the new and modern period (late 19th to 21st century), including film negatives and archival documents from public, political and cultural figures.
For more information about permanent collections and temporary exhibitions, see the official website of the History Museum of Armenia. - National Gallery of Armenia - photo - Sharing space with the History Museum in the Museum Building, the National Gallery of Armenia features works of fine and applied art from ancient times to present. Divided according to category - Armenian art, Russian art, European (Western) art, Applied (Decorative) art, plus a smaller collection of Oriental art - the permanent collection is spread over 56 halls and 8 floors. In addition to the permanent collection, there are regularly scheduled temporary exhibitions, a library, a small cafeteria, a souvenir shop and bookshop, as well as a cinema hall used for films and lectures. For more information about the museum's collection and upcoming exhibitions, see the official website of the National Gallery of Armenia.
- Charents Museum of Literature and Arts - photo - Located on the backside of the Museums Building, the state's museum of literature and art houses archives of important Armenian authors, playwrights and musicians – from the beginning of the 18th century to present-day. Named in honor of famed Armenian poet Yeghishe Charents (1897-1937), the museum is organized into five halls. The first two halls focus on literature, the third focuses on theater, the fourth on film, and the last on music. The variety of material exhibited is extensive. Items including photographs, posters, caricatures, notations, drafts, outfits, furniture, theatrical items, awards, personal artifacts and musical instruments – help give insights into the life and works of the varied artists. official website
- Victory Park - photo - Serving a combined role as a military memorial and fairground, Victory Park is a popular recreation area for Yerevan citizens. The most prominent structure in the park is the “Mother Armenia” monument. Erected in 1967, a 22 meter (72 ft) tall statue stands on a 29 meter (95 ft) tall pedestal that also serves as a museum dedicated to Armenia's participation in WWII. Near the monument there is a Heroes Alley, a Tomb of the Unknown Soldier, an Eternal Flame, as well as old military hardware – that all pay tribute to sacrifices made by Armenian servicemen and women.
In addition to military memorials, the park has numerous walking paths, a pond, a fairground (that includes a large Ferris wheel), and numerous cafes and kiosks for food and beverages. Finally, it would be remiss not to mention the terrific views of Yerevan below and Mount Ararat in the background. - Tsitsernakaberd Memorial Complex - photo - Situated high on a hill near the Hrazdan River, Tsitsernakaberd is memorial complex dedicated to the estimated 1.5 million victims of the Armenian Genocide (1915-1923) that was perpetrated by the Ottoman Turks. The territory of the memorial complex consists of the following...
- Memorial Column “The Reborn Armenia”: a 44 meter (144 ft) granite column that symbolizes the survival and rebirth of Armenians. Down the center of the column there’s a deep crevice which simultaneously symbolizes the violent dispersion of the population during the war and the unity of the Armenian people.
- Sanctuary of Eternity: 12 slanting basalt slabs arranged in a circle symbolizing the 12 lost Armenian provinces which now lie within the present-day borders of Turkey. In the center burns an eternal flame which memorializes the victims of the Armenian Genocide.
- Memorial Wall: a 100 meter wall with the names of towns and villages where massacres and deportations are known to have taken place.
- Armenian Genocide Museum-Institute: spread out over 12 halls, the museum's interactive exhibits (including photos, print documents, audio and video multimedia) strive to educate and remind visitors that similar tragedies should never be repeated.
To learn more, visit the Tsitsernakaberd Memorial Complex's official website. - Blue Mosque - photo - One of the oldest existing structures in central Yerevan, the Blue Mosque is a Shia mosque built between 1765 and 1766 when Eastern Armenia was part of the Iranian (Persian) Empire. Sometimes referred to as the “Persian Mosque” (though it traditionally served an Azeri speaking population), the Blue Mosque is currently the only active mosque in Yerevan and all of Armenia. While never intended to be a luxurious or opulent mosque like those found in Istanbul or Tehran, the mosque's beautiful exterior (with its striking sky-blue tiles) and peaceful atmosphere are well worth seeing. And if you do decide to visit, just be cognizant of the dress code - no bare legs or shoulders, and women should wear a headscarf when entering the prayer hall.
- Lovers' Park (Boghossian Gardens) - photo - Opposite the Presidential Residence and not far from the Armenian Parliament (at metro station: Marshal Baghramian), is a favorite quiet space for locals and visitors. Covering a modest area of 1.6 hectares (4 acres), the cozy urban park is one of Yerevan's oldest, dating back to the 18th century. The park underwent renovations from 2005 to 2008, and according to the design of Swiss landscape artist Pierre Rembach, it is now a delightful urban green space that conforms to the traditions of Japanese landscaping. The park has a small artificial lake with two islands, foot-bridges, mini-waterfalls, sculptures, and ample shade where one can sit and relax on park benches. Near the lake is an amphitheater that hosts various cultural events, a pleasant little café called Achajour, free WiFi within the vicinity of the park, and decorative lighting in the evening. Its simply a pleasant little oasis nested within the hustle and bustle of the capital. official website
- Sergei Parajanov Museum - photo - Small museum dedicated to Armenian filmmaker Sergei Parajanov (1924-1990), who – through his unique cinematic style – made significant contributions to cinema in Soviet-era Ukraine, Georgia and Armenia. While his films Shadows of Forgotten Ancestors and The Color of Pomegranates earned him acclaim internationally, they weren't so popular with the Soviet regime who “rewarded” him with a ban from filmmaking and a four year stint in jail. Ethnically Armenian, but born in Georgia, the two-story house-museum shouldn't be mistaken for his actual home, although there are several recreated rooms from his flat in Tbilisi. There are also recreations from his film sets and a collection of his works including photographs, collages and artwork, as well as screenplays and librettos of unrealized productions. For more information, see the official website of the Sergei Parajanov Museum. official website
- Yervand Kochar Museum - photo - A small museum in downtown Yerevan that exhibits the works of prominent sculptor and modern artist Yervand Kochar (1899-1979). Born in Tiflis (now Tbilisi), Kochar studied art there and a few years in Moscow, before moving to Paris in 1923 to join other Avant-garde masters of the time. In Paris he founded an art movement known as “Painting in Space” (a syntheses of painting, graphics and sculpture). In 1936 he moved to Soviet controlled Armenia where he became one of the state's best-known artists. The museum gives visitors a compact yet intriguing overview of the artist's life and works - from his early years in Tbilisi, to Paris, to his final years in Yerevan. Well worth a visit! official website
- Aram Khachaturian Museum - photo - Honoring the legacy of renowned Armenian composer Aram Khachaturian (1903-1978), the museum is located in the former home of the composer's brother – a place Aram Khachaturian often stayed when visiting Yerevan. The multi-storied building houses a chamber concert hall that regularly hosts musical events, plus a collection of the composer's manuscripts, instruments and other treasured artifacts. To learn more about the museum's exhibits and upcoming events, visit the official website of the Aram Khachaturian Museum. Or, for more information about the composer's life and works, visit the website Khachaturian.am
- Hovhannes Tumanyan Museum - photo - Situated in central Yerevan is a museum celebrating the life and work of renowned Armenian poet and writer Hovhannes Tumanyan (1869-1923). Famous for his poems, novels and fairy tales that centered on everyday life of his time, the museum exhibits the writer's personal items, documents, letters, sketches, manuscripts, personal library, and publications. Adding a personal touch, the second floor of the museum is a replica of Hovhannes Tumanyan's apartment in Tiflis (now Tbilisi), where he lived the final 14 years of his life. official website
For anyone who wants to delve into the literary work of Hovhannes Tumanyan (before visiting the museum), start with his famous novel “Anush” (basis for Armen Tigranian’s opera Anush, 1912), or find a book of his ballads and poems that includes titles such as “In the Armenian Mountains”, “With the Stars”, “The Song of the Plow”, “In the Hut”, “The Conquest of Tmkaberd”, and others. - Komitas Museum - photo - Situated adjacent to the Komitas Park and Pantheon (in the Shengavit district), stands an art and biographical museum dedicated to renowned musicologist, composer and father of Armenian national music - Komitas (1869-1935). The museum houses of a permanent exhibition featuring items related to the composer's life and music - including his research on Armenian folk music. There is also a large concert hall, music studio, research center, library, publishing house, and an area for temporary exhibitions. official website
In the adjoining park and pantheon one will find the resting place of many of Armenia's cherished artists (painters, poets, writers, composers, actors and singers), including Komitas himself.
KOMITAS: Seven Songs for Piano - Martiros Saryan House-Museum - photo - Located on a street named after the artist, the house-museum of Martiros Saryan (1880-1972) honors the legacy of the farther of modern Armenian painting. The museum consists of a two-storey home where the artist lived and worked from 1932 to 1972, plus an attached three-storey gallery built in 1967. The permanent collection contains hundreds of pieces that show the evolution of the painter – including sketches, vivid water colors and fauvist masterpieces. Within the artist's longtime studio, visitors can view many personal mementos of Saryan including letters, family photos and awards. For more information about the artist, his work, and upcoming exhibitions, see the official website of the Martiros Saryan House-Museum.
- Modern Art Museum of Yerevan - photo - Opened in 1972, the Modern Art Museum of Yerevan was the first museum of contemporary and modern art opened in the Soviet Union. Early on, many prominent Armenian artists donated works to the museum, while recent acquisitions include modern art from both national and international artists. Today it has a small but impressive collection of modern and surrealist paintings and sculptures that are moving, funny, and colorful.
The Yerevan Modern Art Museum, while somewhat concealed, is fairly easy to find. From the intersection of Saryan Street and Mesrop Mashtots Ave, walk northeast up Saryan Street until you see a small alley on your right-hand side (don't be confused with Eduard Issabekyan Gallery which is located on the opposite side of Saryan Street). Tucked up the alley you will find the museum on the ground floor of an apartment building.
For more information about the museum's collections and news about upcoming events, see the official website of the Modern Art Museum of Yerevan. - Yerevan Water World - photo - Situated on the northeast outskirts of the capital, the Yerevan Water World is comprised of both an indoor and outdoor waterpark. The outdoor facility covers an area of 2.5 hectares (6.2 acres) and includes two large swimming pools, a children's pool, a VIP pool, plus a host of water slides, tube rides and a zip-line. For winter sport enthusiasts, the largest pool is turned into an ice-skating rink during the coldest months.
The more recently opened indoor waterpark - named Aquatek - is a 0.5 hectare (1.2 acre) facility that is open year-round. It includes two swimming pools, a children's pool, various water slides, plus a 29 room hotel - the Aquatek Spa Hotel. Guests of the hotel have access to the waterpark plus a modern fitness center, a spa center, and a climbing wall. official website - Yerevan Zoo - photo - The entrance to Yerevan's 35 hectare (86 acre) zoo can be found on Myasnikyan Ave in the northeast sector of the city. It is home to several hundred species of native and exotic animals. A few well-known zoo animals from Armenia and the South Caucasus include Syrian brown bears, Bezoar goats, Armenian mouflon, and red deer. Exotic animals popular at Yerevan Zoo include lions, tigers, leopards, spotted hyenas, wolves, Asian black bears, camels, Przewalski's horses, alpacas, llamas, zebras, hippos, and an Indian elephant named Grantik.
Beginning with renovations in 2015-2016, the Yerevan Zoo has been making continuing efforts to accommodate its larger animals in open style enclosures. This has resulted in better conditions for the animals and a much more enjoyable experience from a visitor's perspective. For more information about working hours and entry fees, visit the official website of the Yerevan zoo. - Erebuni Historical and Archaeological Museum-Reserve - photo - composed of two parts: the open-air exhibits (the fortress on the hill) and the indoor exhibits (the museum at the base of the hill).
- Erebuni Fortress (also known as Arin Berd): Situated on top of Arin Berd hill lies the remnants of an ancient fortress that dates back approximately 2800 years. Built in 782 BC by King Argishti I, Erebuni was one of several citadels meant to protect the northern border of Urartu (predecessor of the modern Armenian state). Once encompassing a triangular area of roughly 8 hectares (20 acres), visitors can better appreciate the historic fortress city thanks to reconstructed palace walls, temples, courtyards, halls, storage and residential rooms, and its once formidable outer walls.
- Erebuni Museum: Located at the base of the Arin Berd hill (upon which Erebouni Fortress is located), the museum houses a large collection of artifacts that were excavated from Arin Berd and from archaeological sites around Armenia. A few of the artifacts (predominately from the Urartian and Hellenistic periods) include ceramic bowls, cuniforms (clay tablets), mural fragments, silver rhitons (drinking horns), agate and glass bead jewelry, and bronze bracelets.
- Yerevan History Museum - photo - Situated in the same building as Yerevan City Hall, the museum tells the story of the capital's local culture - from ancient times to present-day. Collections exhibited in the museum include archaeological artifacts, ethnographic objects, historical documents, fine arts, numismatics, and more. For more information about the museum's collections and exhibitions, see the official website of the Yerevan History Museum.
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Websites: erevan municipality (official website), Wikipedia |
Vagharshapat - Situated roughly 18 km (11 miles) west of Yerevan, Vagharshapat (commonly known as Ejmiatsin, as well as by its previous name Etchmiadzin), is the capital's largest suburb, and on its own, the nation's fourth-largest city. The “spiritual capital” of Armenia, it is home of the Catholicos (the Patriarch of the Armenian Apostolic Church) and is the epicenter of a group of ancient religious sites that have been inducted onto the UNESCO World Heritage List. Officially known as the “Cathedral and Churches of Etchmiadzin and the Archaeological Site of Zvartnots”, the historical ensemble includes five churches/cathedrals. They are as follows...- Etchmiadzin Cathedral - photo - seat of the Catholicos and headquarters of the Armenian Apostolic Church, the cathedral was first built in the early 4th century (between 301 and 303 AD according to tradition), earning it the reputation as the oldest cathedral in the world. Over the centuries the cathedral was plundered, rebuilt and renovated numerous times, though the core of the current building dates back to 483-484. Later additions include belfries (added in the latter half of the 17th century) and a sacristy at the cathedral's east end (added in 1868).
- Saint Hripsime Church - photo - erected in 618 and having survived relatively unchanged, it is considered one of the oldest surviving churches in Armenia. Its soaring ceilings and vast interior space was an example for future churches.
- Saint Gayane Church - photo - a few blocks south of the Etchmiadzin Cathedral, the splendid domed basilica was constructed in 630 and has remained virtually unchanged apart from partial renovations in 1652.
- Shoghakat Church - photo - erected on the site of a 6th century basilica, the current building (who's name means “drop of light”), was built in 1694 by Prince Aghamal Sorotetsi.
- Zvartnots Cathedral - photo - situated on the eastern edge of modern-day Vagharshapat lie the ruins of a cathedral built between 641 and 653. Noted for its unique circular design, the cathedral is said to be constructed on the location where King Tiridates III and Saint Gregory the Illuminator once met. Archaeological excavations of the early 20th century not only revealed the cathedral's foundation, but those of a Pontifical palace and accompanying winery.
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Websites: Municipality of Ejmiatsin (official website), Wikipedia |
Gyumri - Situated in northwestern Armenia, Gyumri is Armenia's second largest city and capital of Shirak Province. Inhabited since the 3rd millennium BC, the city was first mentioned in ancient Urartian inscriptions from the 8th century BC. Originally called Kumayri, it was renamed to Alexandropol during Russian rule (1837-1924), then to Leninakan during the Soviet era (1924-1990), before settling on its current name. Due to a severe earthquake on December 7, 1988 (which killed 50,000 people and made many more homeless), many of the city's historic buildings were destroyed along with Soviet constructed buildings and factories. Historical structures that remained intact are predominately from the Imperial Russian era. A few of these include...- Amenaprkich Church (Church of Our Saviour) - photo - an historic Armenian Apostolic Church situated on the southern side of the Vartanants Square. Built between the 1858 and 1872 (and consecrated in 1873), the church was severely damaged during the 1988 earthquake but underwent a complete renovation starting in 2002.
- Kumayri Historic District - photo - occupying the central and western part of modern-day Gyumri, the historic neighborhoods contain over a thousand examples of 18th and 19th century construction. Having survived the 1926 and 1988 earthquakes, the Kumayri Historic District is one of few places in Armenia (and the world) with authentic urban Armenian architecture.
- Black Fortress (Sev Berd) - photo - situated a mere 8 km (5 miles) east of the Turkish border, Sev Berd is an historical Imperial Russian fortress built between 1834 and 1847. A circular structure made of black volcanic stone (hence its moniker “Black Fortress”), the hilltop stronghold played a strategic role in deterring Ottoman Turk incursions during the latter half of the 19th century. Today it has been refurbished to accommodate a concert hall and hotel, and offers great views of the countryside, Gyumri and the nearby Mother Armenia statue.
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Websites: Gyumri city (official website), Wikipedia |
Tsaghkadzor - A mere 50 km (31 miles) northeast of Yerevan, Tsaghkadzor is a beautiful ski and spa resort town situated on the southeastern slope of Mount Teghenis. Surrounded by alpine meadows (Tsaghkadzor literally means “valley of flowers”), the local economy relies heavily on tourists who come to enjoy the tranquility, fresh air, beautiful vistas, and outdoor recreation. A long-time sports center (once used to train Soviet athletes), the town has shed its Soviet-era infrastructure for more modern, 21st century facilities. Recently, the ski resort's lift system has been upgraded, new amusement venues have sprung up, and a myriad of luxury hotels and resorts have opened, offering visitors recreation opportunities regardless of the season. And while the outdoors are the biggest draw (skiing, biking, hiking, zip-lining, and more), Tsaghkadzor also offers a respite from physical activities. There is great dining, lively nightlife, gambling, health spa treatments, and a tranquil monastery complex that has stood for nearly a millennium.- Tsaghkadzor Ski Resort - photo - Situated just above town, the ski resort boasts five lifts (one quad and four double chairs), sixteen runs (longest being 5.8 km or 3.6 miles), and a vertical elevation of 854 m (2,802 ft). With a top elevation of 2,820 m (9,252 ft) above sea level, the Tsaghkadzor skiing season usually stretches from mid-December, well into March. In addition to the lifts, the Tsaghkadzor Ski Resort offers ski and snowboard rentals, lessons, as well as three cafés (one at the ski base, and two others at the foot of the first and second chairlifts).
- Gaming/Casinos - photo - One of only four towns in Armenia that accommodates gambling houses, Tsaghkadzor boasts some of the most prominent casinos in the country. A few of these include the likes of the Senator Casino and Parisian Casino.
- Kecharis Monastery - photo - A medieval monastery that recently underwent restorations. Built in the 1050s, the complex includes four churches, two chapels, a tranquil courtyard, and of course, the famous Khachkars (Armenian cross-stones).
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Websites: Tsaghkadzor municipality (official website), Wikipedia |
Geghard Monastery - Situated roughly 32 km (20 miles) east of Yerevan (a short one hour road trip from the capital), lies a must-see medieval monastery that is listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Officially recognized as the “Monastery of Geghard and the Upper Azat Valley”, the monastery is a citadel with medieval structures (many carved into the rock), flanked by towering cliffs of the Azat River Gorge on the northern side. Along with the religious structures, the monastery offers stunning views of the Azat River Gorge that surrounds the complex.
The site's name “Geghard” (full name Geghardavank) literally means “the Monastery of the Spear”, originating from the spear which wounded Jesus Christ at the Crucifixion. The spear was said to have been brought here by the Apostel Jude.
Founded in the 4th century by Gregory the Illuminator, the main architectural complex was completed in the 13th century AD. Key points of interest include...- Katoghikeh Church (1215) - photo
- Katoghikeh Church Gavit (1215-1225): - photo - narthex or church entrance
- St. Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God) Church (1283) - photo
- Proshyan tomb-chapel (1283): - photo - family tomb of Proshyan princes
- Papak & Ruzukan tomb-chapel (1288) - photo
- Avazan (“basin”) cave church (1240s): - photo - cut into the rock, there is a holy spring that runs into the monastery. Visitors come to drink from the spring, lining up to fill bottles to take home.
- St. Gregory Lusavorich cave chapel (pre-1177) - photo
- various monastic cells and rock-cut cross-stones (khachkars) - photo
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Websites: UNESCO page, Wikipedia |
Temple of Garni - Not far from Geghard Monastery (roughly 10 km or 6.2 miles away), stands the only Greco-Roman colonnaded building and predominate symbol of pre-Christianity in Armenia. Most likely built by King Tiridates I in the first century AD (as a temple to the sun god Mihr), the pagan temple is part of the ancient fortress of Garni, which overlooks the Azat River ravine and the Gegham Mountains.
Along with the nearby medieval Geghard Monastery, the two sites are often collectively known as Garni-Geghard. The Garni Temple itself, is part of part of the 3.5 hectare (8.6 acre) Garni Historical and Cultural Museum Reserve. In addition to the Gerni Temple, the reserve also includes archaeological remnants of a pillared hall, a palace, a bath-house, the fortress wall and outer gate, as well as a 7th century Armenian church.
Conan O'Brien's October 2015 visit to the Temple of Garni (episode aired on his late-night talk show on November 17, 2015). With his assistant Sona Movsesian, O'Brien is filmed dancing at the temple.
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Website: Wikipedia |
Khosrov Forest State Reserve - Situated a short drive southwest of Yerevan, visitors will find one of the oldest protected areas in the world. First established by Christian monarch King Khosrov III around the year 330, the present-day reserve spans an area of 238.78 km² (92.19 miles²). Roughly 90 km² (34.7 miles²) of the park is covered by juniper and oak woodlands, while the rest includes deserts, semi-deserts, mountain steppes, alpine and sub-alpine meadows. The reserve is distinguished with and abundance of plant species including many rare and endangered species, plus roughly 1500 invertebrate and 283 vertebrate animal species. Some of the larger and more recognizable include the Caucasian leopard, Eurasian lynx, Gray wolf, Brown bear, Badger, Wild boar, Bezoar ibex (goat), Black vulture, Caspian snowcock, and Armenian viper.
Not only can visitors take in breathtaking natural attractions, but they will be treated to amazing cultural and historical sites as well. Just a few of the most well-known sites include...- Kakavaberd (Keghi Fortress) - photo - a medieval fortress located located 12 km (7.4 miles) southeast of Garni (see link), on the bank of Azat River. Kakavaberd was first chronicled in the 9th-10th centuries, but may have been the site of a fortification as early as the 4th century. Inaccessible from three sides due to the steep terrain, on the northeastern side stands walls 8 to 10 meters (26 to 33 ft) in height, and inside one will find the ruins of a church and other structures.
- Aghjots Vank - photo - 13th century monastery situated just 7 km (4.3 miles) south of Geghard Monastery (see link).
- Geghmahovit - photo - a pentahedral church dating back to the 5th-6th centuries. The church is located at the Geghmahovit village area at the confluence of Azat River and Aghjo and Glan tributaries.
- Berdatak - photo - a settlement inhabited until the late 17th, early 18th centuries. Berdatak is situated in the Azat River valley, southeast of Geghmahovit.
- Avanik (Poqr Shen) - photo - remnants of a church dating back to the 6th-7th centuries. The abandoned village of Avanik (Poqr Shen) is also home to numerous historical dwellings and a graveyard.
- Khosrov uninhabited village - photo - situated on the bank of the Khosrov River, its the site of a 12th to 16th century village. Visitors can find ruins of a 13th century church, a cemetery, and an 11th-13th century chapel carved out of rock.
- Mankuk uninhabited village - photo - situated on the upper part of Mankuk River valley, near the settlement ruins, an ancient cemetery is home to more than a dozen splendid khachkars (Armenian cross-stones) dating from the 10th to 14th centuries.
- Sakraberd - photo - an uninhabited village (abandoned in 1604) where visitors can find remnants of dwellings and buildings, as well as cemetery ruins containing Armenian cross-stones. Predating medieval village, an ancient Ayrarat fortress of the same name once stood on the hilltop above.
- Spitak vank - photo - an uninhabited village of the 10 th to 14th centuries located on the bank of Mankuk River.
To learn more about the various hikes that take you to attractions like the Vahagn and Astghik Waterfalls, along river gorges, and to all the cultural sites, check out this pdf document with a map of Khosrov Forest State Reserve and trail itineraries.
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Website: Wikipedia |
Khor Virap - Not far from the (closed) border with Turkey, Khor Virap is a monastery set upon a chain of hills in the Ararat Plain,. Its name is derived from "virap nerk'in" - which means "deep dungeon" in Armenian. Legend has it that pagan King Trdat III imprisoned St. Gregory the Illuminator here for 13 years before being miraculously cured of madness by the saint. The king consequently converted himself and his kingdom to Christianity and St. Gregory (Surp Grigor Lusavorich) became the first Catholicos of the Armenian Apostolic Church. Thus, since a chapel was built on the site in 642 AD, Khor Virap has been a revered site for devout pilgrims. Today the monastery consists of 17th century St. Astvatsatsin Church, St. Gevorg Chapel (built over-top the pit where Gregory was imprisoned), a large courtyard, and fortified walls.
In St. Gevorg Chapel, to the right of the alter, there is a small chamber with a winding stairway and a ladder that lead to a small enclosure where the saint was incarcerated. The monastery also offers gorgeous views of Mount Ararat and the Aras River (which delineates the Turkish border).
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Website: Wikipedia |
Amberd Fortress - Roughly 50 km (31 miles) northwest of Yerevan, Amberd is one of the best examples of medieval architecture in Armenia. Constructed in the 11th century (over previous installations), the fortress is strategically located at the confluence of the Amberd and Arkashen Rivers on the southern slopes of the Mount Aragats. The name “Ambred”, which literally means “fortress in the clouds”, is a suiting name for the citadel that sits 2,300 meters (7,500 ft) above sea level.
Standing high on its rocky perch, the impressive complex includes the castle, castle entrance, defensive walls and bastions, north gate, northwest gate, chapel, cistern, bath-house, as well as remains of walls and other buildings. Also, outside of its defensive walls stands the impressive Vahramashen Church (or simply Church of Ambred), built in 1026.
And despite Amberd Fortress's impressive construction and seemingly impregnable defenses, the turbulent span of the 11th to 13th centuries saw invasion and destruction at the hands of the Seljuk Turks, Mongols and Tatars. As a result, the fortress had a relatively brief history. It lost its significance and was abandoned by the 14th century.
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Tatev Monastery - Situated in southeastern Armenia roughly 250 km (155 miles) from Yerevan stands an Armenian Apostolic monastery with origins dating back to the 9th century. Built on the edge of a deep gorge of the Vorotan River, Tatev Monastery complex is a favorite Armenian tourist destination, both for its history and the breathtaking nature and scenery.
Once serving as the bishopric seat for the Syunik Principality, Tatev Monastery was also a place of knowledge and learning. It served as a repository for monastic manuscripts, official documents and contracts, and even hosted a university that operated from 1390 to 1434. During this period, “Tatev University” contributed significantly to the advancement and preservation of science, religion, philosophy, arts and culture within Armenia.
The Tatev Monastery complex consists of three ancient churches, a pendulous column (called Gavazan), a library, refectory, bell tower, mausoleum, administrative and auxiliary buildings, plus fortification walls.- Saints Paul and Peter Church - photo - built between 895 and 906, its the oldest remaining, and largest construction within the monastery.
- Saint Gregory the Illuminator's Temple - photo - built between 836 and 848, it was completely destroyed in an earthquake in 1138 and rebuilt in 1295. It sits adjacent to the southern wall of Sts. Paul and Peter Church. The tomb of Armenian philosopher, theologian, and saint - Grigor Tatevatsi - is found here.
- St. Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God) Church - photo - built in 1087, it underwent restoration in the late 20th century.
- Gavazan - photo - a pendulous column dedicated to the Holy Trinity. Erected in 904, the column is crowned with an 18th century khachkar-type cross (that is possibly based on an original that predated it).
- Wings of Tatev - photo - a 5.7 km (3.5 mile) aerial tramway between Halidzor village and the Tatev Monastery. Included in the Guinness World Records as world's longest non-stop double track cable car, the trip from Halidzor station to Tatev Monastery takes roughly 12 minutes. And despite the spine-tingling elevations - which reach a maximum height of 320 meters (1050 ft) - its a much shorter (and safer) trip than the 40 minute drive along the steep winding road that follows the Vorotan Gorge.
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Websites: Wings of Tatev (travel info for Tatev Monastery), Wikipedia |
Noravank - Situated roughly 118 km (73 miles) southeast of Yerevan is a splendid Armenian monastery renowned for its striking backdrop set within the sheer, blood-red cliffs of the Amaghu River gorge.
A realization of Orbelian lords (influential Armenian nobles of the Syunik province), the monastic complex includes three surviving churches (of the 13th and 14th centuries) surrounded by more recent fortress walls (of the 17th and 18th centuries).- St. Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God) Church - photo - competed in 1339, the magnificent three storey church is the resting place of its donor Burtel Orbelian (and family). Designed by Momik (celebrated Armenian architect and sculptor), the church is covered in detailed bas-reliefs, incorporates a number of the master artist's khachkars, and is topped with a unique open-air rotunda.
- St. Karapet (St. John the Baptist) Church - photo - built between 1216 and 1227, the church is distinguished for its decorative ornamentation, depictions of saints, and khachkars.
- St. Grigor Chapel - photo - added to the southern wall of St. Karapet Church in 1275, the modest chapel (decorated with khachkars, images of doves, and a carved lion-human tombstone) is the resting place of Prince Smbat Orbelian.
In addition to the historical architecture, Noravank is also home to a modest museum (featuring prints, numismatics, old manuscripts), an on-site restaurant, picnic spots, hiking, nature and bird watching opportunities, plus splendid historical architecture.
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Website: Wikipedia |
Shikahogh State Reserve - Located in the far southern reaches of Armenia, in the Syunik region, lies Armenia's second largest forest reserve. Covering roughly 103.29 km² (39.88 miles²), the wilderness is largely unaffected by human progress thanks in part to its remote location and the rugged landscape. And due to a large differential in elevation (on the northern slopes of the Meghri Ridge), Shikahogh State Reserve is home varied microclimates and a wide variety of flora (an estimated 1,074 plant species). In particular, visitors will find broadleaf forests (with oak, hornbeam and oak-hornbeam) and unique plant communities (with yew, oriental plane and oriental beech groves), occasionally intermixed with rare, endemic species. With respect to wild animals, the reserve is home to an estimated 208 species of vertebrates including the Caucasian leopard, Bezoar goat, and Brown bear.
Besides Shikahogh State Reserve's rich natural heritage, the area is also home to numerous cultural and historical treasures as well. These include Iron Age tombs, medieval churches and monasteries, and abandoned settlements.
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Website: Wikipedia |
Lake Arpi National Park - Situated in the far northwestern corner of Armenia (close to the border with Georgia and Turkey), is a one of four national parks found in Armenia. Lake Arpi National Park covers an area of 211.8 km² (81.8 miles²), spanning mountain steppes, subalpine grasslands and high alpine rocky outcrops that are interlaced with a wealth of lakes, rivers, and wetlands. And thanks to the varied water bodies - including the 20 km² (7.7 miles²) Lake Arpi – the park is recognized as an Important Bird and Biodiversity Area (IBA), home to many rare bird species (like the Armenian gulls and Dalmatian pelicans). A bird-watchers paradise, other sorts of ecotourism in Lake Arpi National Park include fishing, hiking, mountain biking, horseback riding and cross-country skiing.
Lake Arpi National Park Visitor Center is situated in the village of Ghazanchi on the M1 highway. They will provide visitors with information about the region's topography, flora and fauna in the area, recommend trip itineraries, and even help arrange ecotourism services for bird-watching tours, horse-back riding trips, hiking, biking and cross-country ski excursions. And while Lake Arpi National Park is a great destination for ecotourism, be aware. There is very little in the way of tourist infrastructure. There are very few stores for provisions, no western-style lodging, and poor roads. Its only suited to those who come prepared.
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Websites: Lake Arpi National Park (Caucasus Nature Fund), Wikipedia |
Sevan - Situated 65 km (40 miles) northeast of Yerevan, Sevan is a popular tourist town thanks to its picturesque setting on the shore of Lake Sevan, its location within the boundaries of Sevan National Park, and its short 3 km (2 mile) drive from historic Sevanavank Monastery.
During the summer season Sevan transforms into a popular beach resort with lodging for all budgets, a botanical garden, entertainment venues (like discos and water parks), plus a myriad of recreational opportunities. Just a few popular summer activities in Sevan include: sunbathing, swimming, water-skiing, windsurfing, horseback riding, boating, fishing, beach volleyball and soccer.- Lake Sevan - photo - the “blue pearl” of Armenia, this unique natural reservoir is one of the largest mountainous freshwater lakes in the world. With a surface area of 1,239 km² (478 miles²) – plus 28 rivers flowing into the lake – it is home to a number of endemic fish species (Sevan trout, Sevan beghlou, Sevan koghak), is the stopover spot for a large number of migratory waterfowl, and is one of Armenia's most popular tourist destinations (with numerous beaches located along its shore).
- Sevan National Park - photo - one of four protected national parks in Armenia, the 344 km² (133 miles²) park was established in 1978 with the aim of protecting the important high mountainous lake ecosystem. The Sevan Lake basin - including pebble beaches, wooded areas (of sea-buckhorn and pine trees), alpine meadows and rocky outcrops – is home to 1,145 species of high vascular plants (including 3 species endemic to Armenia and 5 species endemic to Lake Sevan), as well as for 336 species of vertebrate animals. A favorite bird-watching destination, Sevan National Park is home to over 260 avian species and has been declared a Ramsar site (a wetlands of international importance especially as waterfowl habitat).
- Sevanavank Monastery - photo - Situated on the southern shore of the Sevan peninsula (just 3 km or 2 miles east of Sevan), current structures of the monastery date back to 874 (during the era of Armenian King Ashot the Great). Originally founded on a small island, the area didn't become an actual peninsula until Lake Sevan was artificially drained for irrigation and hydroelectric power during the first half of the 20th century.
In addition to renowned Armenian khachkars (cross-stones), the monastery consists of two churches...- St. Arakelots (Holy Apostles) Church
- St. Astvatsatsin (Holy Mother of God) Church
The two medieval churches are quite similar in appearance. Both have a cruciform shape (shaped like a cross) with octagonal domes. Restoration of the Sevanavank churches was carried out between 1956 and 1957.
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Websites: city of Sevan (official website), Wikipedia |
Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin - The medieval monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin are situated in northern Armenia roughly 175 km (109 miles) north of Yerevan (by car or bus). Haghpat Monastery and Sanahin Monastery were founded by Saint Nishan in the 10th century during the reign of King Ashot III. Both served as important centers of learning and both monastic complexes are excellent examples of Armenian religious architecture whose unique style is a blend of Byzantine ecclesiastical architecture and the traditional vernacular architecture of the Caucasus region. In plain view of each other, the two monasteries are separated by a deep gorge formed by a small river flowing into the Debed River. Together, the two monasteries were inducted onto the UNESCO World Heritage List in 1996.- Haghpat Monastery - photo - Located on the mountainside overlooking the Debed River, the monastery's name “Haghpat” literally means “great wall”, an acknowledgment to its once sizable fortifications. Within the monastery's perimeter, the most noteworthy monuments include...
- St. Nishan Cathedral: started in 976 and completed in 991, its central dome rests on four large pillars inside the lateral walls. The outside walls are dotted with triangular recesses and sculptural images, while the inside has frescos dating from the 13th and 14th centuries.
- St. Gregory Church: small domed church dating back to 1005. Two side chapels were added to the original church - the larger one built in the beginning of the 13th century and the smaller, known as "Hamazasp House", built in 1257.
- St. Astvatsatsin Church: small domed church dating to the 12th and 13th centuries.
- belfry: built in 1245, its cross-shaped ground floor plan supports an an octahedral second floor, on which stands a seven-columned bell-tower.
- refectory: a 13th century cafeteria for the monks, the rectangular space is divided into two identical halls with a system of intersecting arches and octagonal roof for illumination and evacuating smoke.
- book depository: used to store manuscripts and texts until the 13th century, when Mongol armies started threatening Armenia. The texts were moved to seven caves (though only three caves with their texts have been rediscovered).
- khachkars: one several examples of the Armenian cross-stones is the Amenaprkich (Redeemer) Khachkar. Dating back to 1273, it is located at the northern entrance of St Nishan Cathedral.
- Sanahin Monastery - photo - The monastery's name “Sanahin” literally means "this one is older than that one", presumably making the claim that it is older than neighboring Haghpat Monastery. Within Sanahin Monastery the most notable monuments include...
- St. Astvatsatsin (the Mother of God) Church: built between 928 and 944, its cross-shaped facade, crowned with a big dome, resting on round drum, is a great example of classical medieval Armenian architecture. The narthex (western entrance) of the church was built in 1211. Its unique plan has a three-nave rectangular hall.
- St. Amenaprkich (Redeemer) Church: built between 957 and 966, the main apse is surrounded by four two-story sacristies. The church is approached through a narthex, built in AD 1181 in a cross-in-square plan with the roof supported by four columns (the earliest known example of this plan). The ornamentation of the capitals of the columns with symbolic sculptures in the shape of animal heads adds distinctive expression to this narthex.
- St. Gregory Church: built in 1061, its facades are notable for their smooth decorative arcatures and triangular niches.
- scriptorium (also called the 'relic' house): built in 1063, the square plan building with vaulted ceiling is where manuscripts were copied. The niches are where manuscripts and books were stored.
- belfry: built between 1211 and 1235 (one of the oldest in Armenia), the three-story structure is crowned with columns and a rotunda. Its roof is supported by two pairs of intersecting arches. Its western façade is distinguished by its decorative ornamentation.
- St. Karapet Church: built at the end of the 10th and beginning of the 11th centuries, the church stands on the eastern end of Sanahin Monastery.
- Sargis Chapel: built at the end of the 10th and beginning of the 11th centuries, the chapel stands on a hill on the western end of Sanahin Monastery.
- St. Harutyun Church: built in the early 13th century, the church stands outside the monastery's boundaries.
- stone bridge: a single-span stone bridge the crosses the Debet gorge, the bridge has been preserved in its original form from the 13th century.
- khachkars: there are over 50 Armenian cross-stones preserved in Sanahin. Amongst the most notable are the khachkars of Gigor Tuteordi (on the northern wall of St. Harutyun Church) and Sargis (on the western wall of St. Astvatsatsin Church).
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Websites: Monasteries of Haghpat and Sanahin (UNESCO), Haghpat Monastery (Wikipedia), Sanahin Monastery (Wikipedia) |
Dilijan National Park - Situated in the Tavush region of northeast Armenia (north of Lake Sevan), Dilijan National Park is one of four national parks in the country. Part of the Lesser Caucasus, the 240 km² (93 miles²) park ranges from high alpine meadows, to mountain lakes, to forested valleys of the Aghstev River and its tributaries. As such it is home to various unique ecosystems and a rich biodiversity that includes many rare species of flora and fauna. An estimated 977 species of plants are located in Dilijan National Park, 150 species of birds, and over 40 species of mammals (including the Brown bear, Eurasian lynx, Red deer, Roe deer, Wild boar, Gray wolf, and Badger).
Interspersed amongst nature, visitors will also find an extensive network of hiking trails, small farms, and several important cultural monuments. The most important cultural monuments located within Dilijan National Park are as follows...- Haghartsin Monastery - photo - built between the 10th and 13th centuries, the monastery is located near the town of Dilijan (accessible by a paved road with a large parking area). Incorporated into the Transcaucasian Trail long-distance hiking route, the monastery consists of the following...
- St. Astvatsatsin Church: built in 1281, the the sixteen-faced dome is the most dominant structure in the monastery.
- St. Gregory Church: oldest building of the complex.
- St. Gregory Church Gavit: 12th century gavit adjoining St. Grigor Church.
- St. Stepanos Church: small church dating back to 1244.
- Bagratuni Sepulchre: burial place of some members of the Bagratuni dynasty (royalty from the medieval Kingdom of Armenia).
- Refectory: built in 1248, the structure was the used for communal meals and receptions.
- Goshavank - photo - 13th century monastery situated near the village of Gosh. The monastery remains in relatively good condition is houses one of the finest examples of a khachkar (Armenian cross-stone). Structures belonging to Goshavank include...
- St. Astvatsatsin Church
- Gavit of St. Astvatsatsin Church
- St. Gregory Church
- Grigor Lusavorich Church: built from 1237 to 1241, the church is distinguished by the extravagance of its decorations (intricate carvings cover most of the interior).
- Bell Tower and Book Depository: book depository that had a bell tower built on top of it. Bell tower was built over the course of two stages, from 1241 to 1291.
- School Building: currently lies in ruins.
- Gallery: a covered passageway that sits between the gavit and bell tower.
- St. Hripsime Chapel: a square, domed structure built in 1254, the chapel sits on an opposite hillside from the main monastery complex.
- Jukhtak Vank - photo - an 11th or 12th century monastery situated just 3.2 km (2 miles) northwest of the town of Dilijan. Structures of the monastery complex include...
- St. Grigor Church: the larger of two churches, it has a small cruciform (cross-shaped) central plan and had a single dome and drum that collapsed long ago.
- St. Astvatsatsin Church: the smaller of the two churches, it has an inscription that dates the church to 1201.
- Matosavank - photo - situated in close proximity to Jukhtak Vank - 3 km (1.8 miles) west of the town of Dilijan - the small 13th century monastery lays in ruins and is somewhat concealed in a forested area. Visitors can explore the remains of St. Astvatsatsin Church, built in 1247. Rooms include a main hall, book depositories, and a portico (porch-like entrance). On the exterior there's an inscription that tells about the foundation of the church.
- Aghavnavank - photo - a 12th century monastery located on the outskirts of Aghavnavank village. Remnants of a small central-domed St. Astvatsatsin Church are found on the premises. The church's position (butting up against a rock outcropping) suggests it may have begun as a spring shrine in pagan times.
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Website: Wikipedia |
Hovhannavank - Situated adjacent to Ohanavan village, 26 km (16 miles) northwest of Yerevan, Hovanavank is a monastic complex dating back to the 5th century. Sitting at the edge of of the Kasagh River gorge, the monastery was once an important educational and theological center where manuscripts were produced. The present-day monastery consists largely of two adjoining buildings, a 4th century basilica and 13th century St. Karapet Church, plus a 13th century gavit that serves as the entry to both buildings.- Basilica - photo - built in the 4th century, the wooden dome of the church was replaced by a stone one in 554, prior to being completely renovated between 1652 and 1734.
- St. Karapet (St. John) Church - photo - built between 1216 and 1221, the church has a cruciform (cross-shaped) floor plan, with two storey sacristies in each of the four extensions, and a unique umbrella-shaped dome roof. The inside is adorned with beautiful decorations and engravings.
- gavit - photo - built in 1250 next to the western wall of St. Karapet Church, the gavit (church entrance) is supported by four base pillars and features a central rotunda (added in 1274) that rests on twelve columns.
A 7.5 km (4.6 mile) trail connects Hovhannavank to Saghmosavank via the Kasagh River gorge (a 5 to 6 hour return hike).
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Website: Wikipedia |
Saghmosavank - Located 32 km (20 miles) northwest of Yerevan, in a village of the same name, Saghmosavank is a monastic complex that dates back to the 13th century. Like Hovhannavank monastery 5 km (3 miles) to the south, Saghmosavank is also perched atop the Kasagh River gorge and was also an important educational and theological center where manuscripts were created, copied and stored. Notable structures within the monastic complex include...- St. Zion Church - photo - built in 1215, the main church of the monastery is a cross-shaped domed structure with two storey sacristies in each of the four extensions.
- St. Karapet (St. John) Church - photo - built between 1216 and 1221, the church shares the same type of cruciform (cross-shaped) floor plan as the larger St. Zion Church.
- gavit - photo - a narthex (church entrance) added to the western side of St. Zion Church in 1250.
- St. Astvatsatsin Church - photo - built in 1235, it is a vaulted building with a rectangular base and an arched altar.
- book depository - photo - built in 1255, the L-shaped library is topped by the octahedral rotunda.
- cemetery - photo - the site of many rare khachkars, its located in the northern part of the complex.
A 7.5 km (4.6 mile) trail connects Saghmosavank to Hovhannavank via the Kasagh River gorge (a 5 to 6 hour return hike).
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Websites: Facebook, Wikipedia |
Karahunj - Also known as Zorats Karer (“vertical stones”) and/or Armenian Stonehenge, Karahunj is a prehistoric archaeological site situated in the Syunik Province of Armenia, roughly 230 km (143 miles) southwest of Yerevan. The name Karahunj itself means “speaking stones”, since some of the stones make whistling sounds on a windy day due holes that were bored in them during prehistoric times. All together, a total 223 artifacts (stone settings, burial cists, and standing stones) can be found within the area of roughly 7 hectares (17 acres).
It has been hypothesized that some of the standing stones (with bored holes) may have been used for astronomical observations (sunrise or sunset at the solstices and equinoxes, and lunar extremes), although this remains a subject of debate.
Visitors can gain a greater understanding of the Karahunj with a visit to a museum in the nearby city of Sisian. The small museum is dedicated to findings in the area, including grave artifacts from the Bronze age burial site and paleolithic petroglyphs found on a neighboring mountaintop.
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Websites: Carahunge, Wikipedia |
